The Coalition of the Willing: Numbers and News

Blog

Ed Stein in the Rocky Mountain News

The "Coalition of the Willing" is no more. This page had provided a "best estimate" of non-US troop contributions to Operation Iraqi Freedom. Since the vast majority of non-US troops have withdrawn from Iraq, this page will chronicle each country's contribution to the "Coalition of the Willing." This website only tracked information dealing with non-US contributions to MNF-I. This website never existed to compile information on troop contributions to the NATO training mission or any other military or quasi-military mission in Iraq. All information is drawn from media reports, reputable websites, and conversations with embassy officials and others with access to defense information. Please e-mail me information as it becomes available.

Currently, the only non-US country supporting OIF on the ground is the United Kingdom with a training force of 500 troops.

The United States currently maintains a force of 130,000 soldiers in Iraq (according to the Iraq Index and media accounts).


: Media Info and Order of Battle for Coalition Members : Countries That Have Withdrawn :



The vast majority of countries that participated in OIF have withdrawn their forces. The UN mandate legalizing the presence of foreign soldiers in Iraq expired at the end of 2008. The Iraqi cabinet approved a security pact with the US. Read the text of the agreement here. The Iraqi cabinet drafted a law permitting the presence of soldiers from specific countries.

In its Iraq Weekly Status Report of 12/10/2008 the State Department listed 16 non-US countries in support Operation Iraqi Freedom by contributing a total of about 6,350 personnel in Iraq. In the report of 12/31/2008 (found here), the State Department noted on slide 27 that "the UN-mandated coalition will cease to exist" as of December 31,2008.

On its website MNF-I (4/30/09) lists 3 non-US countries as coalition partners - Australia, Romania, and the United Kingdom.

For coalition casualties, please refer to icasualties.org.

There are multiple unofficial sources that have kept track of Coalition forces.
Some of the best that I have found, and in some cases worked on, are here:

Iraq Index from The Brookings Institution Updated weekly
Multinational Force In Iraq from Wikipedia Updated continuously
CRS Report RL32105 from US Embassy in Italy 26 DEC 2007
Iraq Weekly Status Report Updated weekly (no longer maintains a list)
GlobalSecurity.org's Iraq Coalition Page 3 SEP 2007
Official MNF-I Coalition Partners Website 17 OCT 2008
Centcom Coalition Countries Undated


Withdrawals

Australia withdrew all of its MNF-I forces in July 2009.

El Salvador, Estonia, Romania all withdrew their forces in early 2009.

Ukraine, Albania, Moldova, and Bulgaria all completed their Iraq missions and began withdrawing soldiers in mid-December.

According to the New York Times, Tonga's military contingent withdrew in December.

According to the Times of London, Macedonia and Bosnia & Herzegovina ended their Iraq commitment in late November 2008.

Azerbaijan announced that it will withdraw its soldiers from Iraq by the end of the year. On December 3, VOA News confirmed that the Azerbaijani troops ended their mission.

Romania announced that it will withdraw its soldiers by the end of the year but that it may maintain some military personnel in Iraq as part of an as yet undefined mission.

Latvia withdrew its three soldiers from Iraq in November 2008.

Poland withdrew its soldiers in October 2008, according to the New York Times.

Kazakhstan withdrew its troops in early October 2008, according to MNF-I.

Armenia withdrew its contingent in October 2008, according to AFP.

Mongolia withdrew its combat troops in mid-September.

It appears likely that the Czech Republic withdrew its contingent that was part of MNF-I and that it currently only maintains a contingent in Iraq as part of the Nato training mission. This appears to be the case according to the website of the Czech Republic Ministry of Defense.

Because of the conflict with Russia, Georgia withdrew its soldiers from Iraq in August 2008. The United States airlifted Georgia's soldiers out of the country, despite a Russian protest.

The Lithuanian Ministry of National Defence reported that Lithuania withdrew its contingent of soldiers in July 2008.

It appears likely that Singapore ended its ground commitment to OIF. MNF-I and the State Department no longer list Singapore as a country contibuting to OIF. However, they do still maintain a tanker off the coast of Iraq. Read about that naval commitment here.

The Australian Ministry of Defense reported that the Overwatch Battle Group-West and Australian Army Training Team-Iraq contingents had left Iraq. Australia still maintains a ground force of some 350 personnel within Iraq and therefore this website will continue to monitor their contribution.

It appears almost certain that Denmark's forces no longer participate in OIF but rather condcut training missions under the auspices of NATO. According to the Danish Foreign Policy Yearbook, Denmark withdrew its troops under MNF-I in the summer of 2007.

Voice of America reported that Japanese ground forces withdrew from Iraq in June 2006. However, Japan continues to airlift materials and personnel between Iraq and Kuwait. The Japanese Self Defense Forces keep track of those resupply missions here.

The Guardian, CRS, and The Brookings Institution reported that Italy had ended its troop commitment to MNF-I as of December 2006.

The AP reported that Lithuania withdrew its troop contingent in August 2007. However, it recently came to my attention that Lithuania redeployed its forces in October 2007 and currently maintains a force in Iraq under MND-CS.

Xinhua reported that Slovakia withdrew the last of its soldiers from Iraq in December 2007.

Country
Peak Troop Level
Withdrawal Date
Nicaragua
230
FEB 2004
Spain
1300
APR 2004
Dominican Republic
302
MAY 2004
Honduras
368
MAY 2004
Philippines
51
JUL 2004
Thailand
423
AUG 2004
New Zealand
61
SEP 2004
Portugal
128
FEB 2005
The Netherlands
1345
MAR 2005
Hungary
300
MAR 2005
Norway
150
OCT 2005
Japan
600
JUL 2006
Italy
3200
DEC 2006
Denmark
545
Summer 2007
Slovakia
110
DEC 2007
Australia
2000
JUN 2008
Lithuania
120
JUL 2008
Georgia
2000
AUG 2008
Czech Republic
300
AUG-OCT 2008??
Armenia
46
OCT 2008
Kazakhstan
29
OCT 2008
Poland
2500
OCT 2008
Latvia
136
NOV 2008
Macedonia
77
NOV 2008
Bosnia & Herzegovina
85
NOV 2008
South Korea
3600
DEC 2008
Azerbaijan
250
DEC 2008
Tonga
55
DEC 2008
Albania
240
DEC 2008
Bulgaria
485
DEC 2008
Moldova
24
DEC 2008
Ukraine
1650
DEC 2008
El Salvador
380
JAN 2009
Estonia
40
FEB 2009
Romania
730
JUL 2009
Australia
2000
JUL 2009
Singapore
161
DEC 2008

Information by Country

Updated information on each country that currently maintains forces in Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

United States - 130,000 total

United Kingdom - 500 total

Inquiry Authorized into Iraq War Decision WaPo 16 JUN 2009
Britain Closes Chapter in Iraq WaPo 1 May 2009
Britain Sets May 31 as Iraq Pullout Deadline AP 17 DEC 2008
UK Forces No Longer Needed in Southern Iraq, Says Maliki UK Guardian 13 OCT 2008
Gordon Brown Makes Surprise Visit to Iraq NY Times 20 JUL 2008
Operations in Iraq: British Forces in Iraq UK MoD 31 MAR 2008
McCain Lauds UK Troops in Iraq AP 19 MAR 2008
UK to Withdraw Thousands of Troops UPI 27 NOV 2006
General Seeks UK Iraq Withdrawal BBC 13 OCT 2006
Centcom Profile: United Kingdom Centcom Undated

Australia - Withdrew primary ground combat forces June 2008 and remaining non-embassy forces in July 2009

Note:100 personnel protect the Australian embassy in Baghdad as part of Operation Kruger

Australia Ends Iraq Troop Presence Sunday Express 31 JUL 2009
Operation Kruger Australian DoD Undated
About Operation Catalyst Australia DoD 23 JUN 2008
Cessation of ADF Operations in Southern Iraq Australian MoD 2 JUN 2008
Australia to Withdraw Combat Troops from Southern Iraq Xinhua 20 FEB 2008
Defence Chief Backs Iraq Pullout The Australian 21 FEB 2008
Coalition Partners: Australia MNF-I 9 OCT 2007
Howard Backs Syria, Iran Talks on Iraq CNN 13 NOV 2006

Romania - Withdrew July 2009

Romania's Last Contingent in Iraq Returns Home People's Daily 24 JUL 2009
Romania Ends Mission in Iraq SE Times 5 JUN 2009
Romanian Troops to Return Home on July 31 Aswat al-Iraq 26 JAN 2009
Romanian Minister Says 500 Troops to Leave Iraq AP 6 NOV 2008
Participation in International Missions Romanian MoD 22 OCT 2008
Romanian Infantry Soldiers Attend Combat Logistical Patrol Academy MNF-I 21 JUN 2008
Romanian Senators in Iraq Romanian MoD 17 MAR 2008
One Romanian Soldier Killed, Five Wounded in Iraq Xinhua 21 SEP 2007
Armored Vehicle Carrying Romanian Troops in Iraq Rolls Over AP 14 APR 2007
Romania Set to Reduce Iraq Troops by 100 Reuters 14 MAR 2007
Romania Vows Not to 'Abandon' Iraq ABC 11 NOV 2006
Centcom Profile: Romania Centcom Undated

Estonia - Withdrew February 2009

Estonia Ends Mission in Iraq MNF-I 10 FEB 2009
Estonia Agrees With Iraq to Withdraw Forces KUNA 7 FEB 2009
Estonian Security Policy Estonian MoFA 14 OCT 2008
Gates: Iraq Wants Estonia to Continue in Intl Coalition Estonian Embassy 9 SEP 2008
Estonian Participation in International Operations Estonian MoD 8 MAY 2008
Estonian Defmin: Iraqi Mission May End After 2008 Estonian Embassy 18 OCT 2007
Rumsfeld Thanks Estonia For the Help in Iraq and Afghanistan Baltic Times 1 NOV 2006
Centcom Profile: Estonia Centcom Undated

El Salvador - Withdrew January 2009

Salvadorian Troops in Iraq Return Home Iraq Updates 23 JAN 2009
El Salvadorans Return Home Yahoo News 6 JAN 2009
Salvadorans Mark End of Iraq Mission with HA Task Force Mountain 1 JAN 2009
Salvadorans Give Demo for Incoming Troops MNF-I 28 AUG 2008
El Salvador to Cut Troop Presence in Iraq Reuters 7 AUG 2008
Salvadoran, U.S. Military Medical Teams Help Iraqi Villagers MNF-I 6 AUG 2008
Salvadoran Dignitaries Visit Cuscatlan Battalion MNF-I 18 MAY 2008
Salvadoran Forces Celebrate 184th Birthday MNF-I 12 MAY 2008
US Military Chief Thanks El Salvador for Iraq Help Reuters 19 JAN 2008
Joint Chiefs to Give Own Troop Cut View AP 18 JAN 2008
Gates Praises El Salvador for Iraq Efforts US DoD 2 OCT 2007
El Salvador Dispatches Additional Contingent to Iraq COHA 21 AUG 2006
El Salvador Sends 148 Troops to Iraq on Rotation Mission Xinhua 13 AUG 2006
Centcom Profile: El Salvador Centcom Undated

Bulgaria - Withdrew December 2008

  • 155 personnel guarded Camp Cropper in Baghdad

Note: The Bulgarian contingent that was previously responsible for guarding members of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) at Camp Ashraf in northern Iraq returned to Bulgaria.

Bulgarian Troops Return From Iraq AP 17 DEC 2008
Bulgarian Troops to Leave Iraq by the End of the Year Reuters 6 NOV 2008
Bulgaria Sends 154 Troops to Iraq Xinhua 19 JUN 2008
154 Bulgarian Military Officers Join Iraq Mission Sofia 18 JUN 2008
Bulgaria to Move Iraq Contingent to Baghdad Sofia/AFP 22 MAY 2008
Bulgaria Extends Iraq Military Commitment UPI 6 MAR 2008
Bulgaria Welcomes Iraq Unit Home Sofia 7 FEB 2008
Bulgarian Minister of Defense Visits FOB MNF-I 6 DEC 2006
Bulgarian Unit Deployed At Camp Ashraf Turkish Weekly 13 APR 2006
Bulgaria Returns Troops to Iraq BBC 22 FEB 2006
Centcom Profile: Bulgaria Centcom Undated

Ukraine - Withdrew December 2008

  • 37 personnel responsible for police training in Ad Diwaniyah

Ukrainians Complete Mission in Iraq US Army 11 DEC 2008
Ukrainian Peacekeeping in Iraq Ukrainian MoD 7 FEB 2008
Ukrainian Army Day in Camp Echo MND-CS 6 DEC 2007
Centcom Profile: Ukraine Centcom Undated

Moldova - 20 total - Withdrew December 2008

  • 16 mine engineers disposing of explosive ordnance under MND-N
  • 4 staff officers attached to mine engineer unit

Iraq Wants All Non-US Troops Out by July Australian Herald Sun 17 DEC 2008
Moldova to Pull Troops Out of Iraq Early AFP 15 OCT 2008
Centcom Profile: Moldova Centcom 19 AUG 2008
Iraq: As Third-Largest Contingent, Georgia Hopes to Show Its Worth
RFE/RL 10 SEP 2007
Transdnestr Says "No Thanks" as Moldova Sends More Soldiers to Iraq Tiraspol Times 19 JUN 2007
Rumsfeld Thanks Moldova for Support in Terror War AFPS 26 JUN 2004
International Missions Moldovan MoD Undated

Albania - 240 total - Withdrew December 2008

  • 120 soldiers responsible for security and conducting patrols near the Mosul airfield under MND-N
  • 120 soldiers serving elsewhere in Iraq

Iraq Wants All Non-US Troops Out by July Australian Herald Sun 17 DEC 2008
Albania: US Elections Watched Closely by Distant Allies PBS 14 OCT 2008
MND-C Soldiers Train Albanian Troops MNF-I 1 OCT 2008
Albania Sends Additional Troops to Iraq UPI 5 SEP 2008
Albania Sends More Troops to Iraq Xinhua 4 SEP 2008
Peacekeeping Contingent Departs for Iraq and Afghanistan Albanian MoD 10 MAR 2008
Coalition Partners: Albania MNF-I 28 APR 2007
Remarks by U.S. Ambassador Marcie B. Ries US Dept. of State 19 SEP 2006

Tonga - Withdrew December 2008

  • 55 personnel responsible for security at Camp Victory near the Baghdad Airport

Troop Pullout to Leave US and Britain as Only Force NYT 5 DEC 2008
Tongans To Withdraw From Iraq Before Christmas Matangi 27 OCT 2008
4th Tongan Contingent to Operation Iraq Freedom Tongan Government 12 AUG 2008
Tongan Marines at Al Faw Palace, Camp Victory, Iraq YouTube 8 JUN 2008
State Department Profile: Tonga US State Department APR 2008
Tonga Troops Prepare for Duty Honolulu Advertiser 3 SEP 2007
Centcom Profile: Tonga Centcom Undated

Azerbaijan - Withdrew December 2008

  • 150 personnel responsible for guarding the Haditha Dam

Azerbaijan to Withdraw Troops From Iraq AP 14 NOV 2008
87 Azeri Peacekeepers Back From Iraq AssA-Irada 26 JUL 2008
Azerbaijani Soldier Killed in Iraq AP 28 JUN 2008
CRS Report RL32105 from FAS CRS 26 DEC 2007
Iraq: As Third-Largest Contingent, Georgia Hopes to Show Its Worth RFE/RL 10 SEP 2007
Backgrounder: International Coalition in Iraq China Daily 9 DEC 2005
Conflict Management and Peacekeeping Azerbaijan MoFA Undated
Centcom Profile: Azerbaijan Centcom Undated

South Korea - Withdrew December 2008

  • 600 soldiers in the Zaytun division formerly stationed in the northern Kurdish city of Arbil

South Korea Among Countries Ending Iraq Deployment AP 1 DEC 2008
South Korea to Complete Iraq Troop Pullout by Dec 20 Reuters 29 OCT 2008
JCS Chairman Visits Units in Middle East Korean Times 25 MAY 2008
80,000th Patient Receives Hearty Medical Treatment at Zaytun Hospital MNF-I 21 MAY 2008
South Korea Extends Iraq Deployment BBC 28 DEC 2007
List of 'Willing' U.S. Allies Shrinks Steadily in Iraq Washington Post 8 DEC 2007
S. Korean Lawmakers Call for Withdrawal of Troops in Iraq Xinhua 14 NOV 2006
S. Korean Lawmakers Seeking Troop-Pullout From Iraql Yonhap 13 NOV 2006
Centcom Profile: Korea Centcom Undated

Bosnia & Herzegovina - 85 total - Withdrew November 2008

  • 36 personnel involved with explosive ordnance disposal at Camp Echo under MND-CS
  • 49 personnel provided security at Camp Victory in Baghdad

War in Iraq Ends For International Forces Times of London 29 NOV 2008
Bosnian Army to End Its Participation in Western Aggression Against Iraq Bosnia News 16 OCT 2008 - May be unreliable
Explosive Ordnance Disposal of Qadisiyah Province MND-CS 15 JUL 2008
Bosnia to Send More Troops to Iraq, Afghanistan DPA 20 JUN 2008
Bosnia and Herzegovina Minister of Defense in Camp Echo MND-CS 30 JAN 2008
Iraq: As Third-Largest Contingent, Georgia Hopes to Show Its Worth RFE/RL 10 SEP 2007
US Presses Allies to Delay Iraq Pullouts Boston Globe 26 NOV 2005
Centcom Profile:Bosnia & Herzegovina Centcom Undated

Macedonia - Withdrew November 2008

  • 77 personnel served in Camp Taji

War in Iraq Ends For International Forces Times of London 29 NOV 2008
Macedonia to End Mission in Iraq This Year Reuters 7 OCT 2008
US Admiral Decorates Macedonian Troops for Iraq IHT 17 SEP 2008
Soldiers Say Goodbye to Macedonian Friends MNF-I 28 JUN 2008
Macedonia Stands with Coalition in Iraq US Embassy 2 JUN 2008
Macedonia Ups Iraq Force to Boost NATO Credentials Reuters 2 NOV 2007
Iraq: As Third-Largest Contingent, Georgia Hopes to Show Its Worth RFE/RL 10 SEP 2007
Macedonian Troops Praised at Transfer Ceremony DoD 19 JUN 2006
Centcom Profile: Macedonia Centcom Undated
Macedonian Foreign Policy Macedonian MFA Undated

Latvia - Withdrew November 2008

  • 3 personnel in Baghdad and Ad Diwaniyah

Latvian Army Concludes Mission in Iraq MNF-I 10 NOV 2008
When Last Soldiers Are Withdrew From Iraq Latvian News 26 OCT 2008
Troops To Be Pulled From Iraq By End of 2008 Baltic Times 1 OCT 2008
Participation of NAF in International Operations Latvian MoD 18 JUN 2008
Relations Between Latvia and Iraq Latvian MFA 14 MAR 2008
Centcom Profile: Latvia Centcom Undated

Kazakhstan - Withdrew October 2008

Georgian, Kazakhstan Contingents Conclude Tours in Iraq MNF-I 17 OCT 2008
Iraqis Turn Explosives Cache Over to Kazakh Soldiers CENTCOM 3 JAN 2008
List of 'Willing' U.S. Allies Shrinks Steadily in Iraq Washington Post 8 DEC 2007
Iraq: As Third-Largest Contingent, Georgia Hopes to Show Its Worth RFE/RL 10 SEP 2007
Centcom Profile: Kazakhstan Centcom Undated

Poland - Withdrew October 2008

Last Polish Troops Come Home From Iraq AFP 28 OCT 2008
Poland Ends Iraq Role NYT 4 OCT 2008
Poland to Leave Iraq by October AFP 7 JUN 2008
Polish Troops to Exit Iraq This Year CNN 31 JAN 2008
One More Polish Death in Iraq Radio Polonia 13 NOV 2006
Poland Postpones Iraq Withdrawal BBC 27 DEC 2005

Armenia - Withdrew October 2008

Armenian Troops Pull Out of Iraq AFP 7 OCT 2008
CRS Report RL32105 from FAS CRS 26 DEC 2007
Iraq: As Third-Largest Contingent, Georgia Hopes to Show Its Worth RFE/RL 10 SEP 2007
Armenian Defense Minister to Visit Iraq as Armenia to Extend Small Troop Presence IHT 13 NOV 2006
Armenian Military Officer Wounded in Iraq IHT 11 NOV 2006
Centcom Profile: Armenia Centcom Undated

Mongolia - Withdrew September 2008

Mongolia is to Withdraw Troops from Iraq Business-Mongolia 15 SEP 2008
Mongolia: Withdrawing Troops From Iraq Stratfor 15 SEP 2008
Mongolian Contingent Medal Parade at Camp EchoMND-CS21 APR 2008
Alaska, Mongolia Partnership Flourishes with Shared Challenges US National Guard 28 FEB 2008
Mongolian Changing of the Guard in Iraq MND-CS 21 JAN 2008
Mongolian Change of Command MND-CS 13 OCT 2006
Centcom Profile: Mongolia Centcom Undated

Czech Republic - Withdrew forces sometime between August and October 2008 and currently trains forces under NATO

Czech Republic Ministry of Defense Czech MoD 21 OCT 2008
Czechs To Withdraw Most Of Its Troops From Iraq IHT 1 OCT 2008
4th Contingent of ACR in MNF-I Czech MoD 11 AUG 2008
Czech Soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan YouTube 10 MAY 2008
Parliament Approves Withdrawal of Most Czech Troops from Iraq in 2008 IHT 5 DEC 2007
Czech Troops to Remain in Iraq Prague Post 17 OCT 2007
Centcome Profile: Czech Republic Centcom 17 MAY 2007

Georgia - Withdrew August 2008

Georgian, Kazakhstan Contingents Conclude Tours in Iraq MNF-I 17 OCT 2008
U.S. Takes Georgian Troops Home From Iraq Air Force Times 12 AUG 2008
Russian Troops Tighten Hold on Georgia NYT 10 AUG 2008
Georgians Train Iraqi Mortar Teams MNF-I 16 JUL 2008
Georgia Extends Troop Deployment to Iraq
Civil Georgia 21 MAR 2008
List of "Willing" US Allies Shrinks Steadily in Iraq Washington Post 8 DEC 2007
Russia On Its Mind, Georgia Flexes Its Muscle In Iraq NYT 9 OCT 2007
Iraq: As Third-Largest Contingent, Georgia Hopes to Show Its Worth RFE/RL 10 SEP 2007
Georgia To Double Troops In Iraq BBC 9 MAR 2007
Countries Contributing to Coalition
ABC 30 MAY 2006

Lithuania - Withdrew July 2008

Soldiers Coming Home After Mission in Iraq Solemnly Met in Kaunas Lithuanian MoD 4 AUG 2008
LITCON-10 Return Home After Mission in Iraq Lithuania MoD 1 AUG 2008
Lithuanian Troops Stay in Iraq UPI 4 JUN 2008
Lithuanians Choose to Stay the Course MNF-I 3 JUN 2008
Coalition Forces Bring Aid to Village MNF-I 7 MAY 2008
PRT, Military Leaders Brief Wasit Council on Progress MNF-I 23 APR 2008
Lithuania to Redeploy Combat Troops to Iraq AFP 19 OCT 2007
Lithuanian Troops Welcomed Home AP 9 AUG 2007
Centcom Profile: Lithuania Centcom Undated

Slovakia - Withdrew December 2007

Slovakia Leaves Iraq, Sends More Troops to Kosovo, Afghanistan XINHUA 12 DEC 2007
Slovakia To Withdraw Its Last Two Soldiers In Iraq IHT 4 OCT 2007
Centcom Profile: Slovakia
Centcom 1 FEB 2007
Change of Command Ceremony for Slovak Engineer Unit MNF-CS 2 SEP 2006

Denmark - Withdrew MNF-I forces in summer 2007 and currently trains forces under NATO

Danish Foreign Policy Yearbook (Pg. 62) DIIS May 2008
Denmark To Pull Air Force Out Of Iraq PRESS TV 19 DEC 2007
Denmark Open to Moving Troops to Baghdad Daily Times 20 NOV 2006
Denmark Profile US State Dept. AUG 2006
Centcom Profile: Denmark Centcom Undated

Japan - Withdrew ground forces in July 2006

  • 210 personnel were involved in JSDF refueling wing based in Kuwait

Japan Starts Withdrawing ASDF Unit From Iraqi Airlift Mission Xinhua 15 DEC 2008
JSDF Transport Activities by the Iraqi Reconstruction Support Air Wing JSDF 12 NOV 2008
Japan Seeks to Withdraw its Military From Iraq by Year's End NYT 12 SEP 2008
Japan Begins Withdrawal from Iraq VOA 25 JUN 2006
Centcom Profile: Japan Centcom Undated

Singapore- Withdrew tanker at the end of 2008

Honoured for Iraq Service Straits Times 21 MAR 2009
Fifth Deployment of Landing Ship Tank to the Gulf to Support Reconstruction of Iraq Ministry of Defense of Singapore 30 AUG 2008
List of 'Willing' U.S. Allies Shrinks Steadily in Iraq Washington Post 8 DEC 2007
MNF-I: Coalition Partners: Singapore MNF-I 18 JAN 2007
Centcom Profile: Singapore Centcom Undated